Heart disease is any condition that affects the structure or function of the heart. While most people think of heart disease as one condition, heart disease is a group of conditions with different root causes. Some types can be grouped together according to how they affect the structure or function of your heart. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) breaks down heart diseases into four main categories: coronary artery and vascular disease, heart rhythm disorders, structural heart disease, and heart failure.
- Coronary artery and vascular disease:
Coronary heart disease is where the arteries of the heart cannot deliver enough oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to the heart. This disease affects about 20.5 million U.S. adults, making it the most common type of heart disease. Coronary artery disease is often caused by cholesterol plaque buildup. This partially or totally blocks blood flow in the coronary arteries of the heart. Symptoms of coronary heart disease can differ from person to person. However, because many people have no symptoms, the disease often goes untreated until someone experiences chest pain or goes into cardiac arrest. - Heart rhythm disorders:
These can be diagnosed as an arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat, or a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat. Your heart may beat too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular rhythm. Heart rate fluctuation during physical activity or sleep is normal. Additionally, it is also normal to feel as if your heart skips a beat occasionally. However, frequent irregular rhythms may mean that your heart is not pumping enough blood to your body. “Most problems with the rhythm of the heart are related to an issue with the heart’s arteries, valves or muscles,” stated cardiologist Luis Gruberg, MD. “Symptoms of these disorders may include dizziness or fainting and can lead to weaking of the heart, cardiac arrest and stroke. Atrial fibrillation (Afib) is the most common irregular, often fast rhythm disorder.” - Structural heart disease:
This is marked by abnormalities of the heart’s structure including its valves, walls, muscles, or blood vessels near the heart. This disease can be present at birth (congenital) or developed after birth through infection, wear and tear, or other factors. Some people living with structural heart disease may not require treatment aside from careful monitoring. In most cases treatment will be required throughout every age and stage of their life, with prescribed medications or invasive and/or surgical procedures. - Heart failure:
This develops when your heart does not pump enough blood for your body’s needs. More than six million adults in the United States have heart failure, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The most common cause for heart failure is coronary artery disease, with reduced blood flow to the muscle of the heart. Heart failure can either be acute, brought on suddenly, or chronic (developed over time). Heart failure does not always present with symptoms right away. However, you may feel tired with an ordinary level of activity, minimal activity or even at rest. Shortness of breath, feeling fatigued and noticing fluid buildup in your lower body (ankle swelling) are some of the early signs of heart failure.
Understanding heart disease and its various forms is essential for recognizing potential risks and taking preventative measures. By being aware of the different types of heart disease you can better manage your heart health and seek timely medical advice. Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and staying informed about heart disease can significantly contribute to early detection and effective management. Proactive steps can lead to a healthier heart and a longer, more vibrant life.
Resources:
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/arrhythmias